Anti terrorism essay

Anti terrorism essay

Anti Terrorism,Get professional help and free up your time for more important courses

WebTerrorism is generally used to try to influence political behavior in some way: for example, to force opponents into conceding some or all of the perpetrators demands, to provoke an WebAnti Terrorism. Philosophical arguments Retribution Supporters of the death penalty argued that death penalty is morally justified when applied in murder especially with WebAnti-Terrorism - Defensive measures taken to reduce likelihood of an attack by making the target difficult to attack, and also reduces the vulnerability to terrorist acts. Anti WebThis Terrorism Essay will discuss about the types, causes, effects and agencies that functions to remove terrorism. Download the complete Terrorism Essay PDF. WebThis paper demonstrates knowledge and assimilation of terrorism perspectives, counter- and anti-terrorism, and aspects relating to prediction, prevention, mitigation, ... read more

Suicide Attackers: Definition of TerrorismIntroductionTerrorism and terrorist are problematic terms because they are so loosely defined; broadly used to categorize individuals, groups and actions; and increasingly politicized Dombrowsky, Without a clear definition of terrorism and what constitutes an act of terror or one to be a terrorist, the usage of these terms should be discouraged, as there are other terms that can be better applied Britton, The assumptions made when terrorism and terrorist are used to describe an individual who engages in acts of warfare against a state, or total war against civilians, are that the actor is somehow worse than an ordinary guerrilla warfare opponent. Therefore, in the case of Al Jihad, the fictive Palestinian organization, it is important to consider these points before determining how to label the groupas terrorist, guerrilla or criminal.

This paper will describe the differences among the three labels, discuss the dilemmas…. Barzegar, K. The Terror Plot: An Ideological War for Geopolitical Interests. Batrawy, A. UAE and Israel press ahead with ties after Gaza cease-fire. Britton, N. Dog or Demon? What is a Disaster? Philadelphia: Xlibris. A study into exactly what a common Enterprise Risk Management ERM functionality or division does to handle an ERM system, one discovers that many ERM features derive from monetary dangers and consider all potential risks that may affect the goals of the business. Security risks might be stated or perhaps reported within an ERM division, however, there is a distinction among ESRM and ERM McCreight And Coppoolse, n.

An ERM system concentrates on risks confronting the business from a number of factors, such as ecological, functional, and economic. The majority of ERM applications possess a powerful concentration on the monetary elements of risk confronting the enterprise. ESRM, however, positions exclusively with security risks confronting the business - these risks approaching People, Property and data that assist enterprise objectives and goals. The ERM division or system might…. For instance, not every Muslim supports ISIS or al-Qaeda, and not every Irish Catholic supports the Irish Republican Army IRA. Most Muslims and Catholics view their religions as religions of peace.

But how true is this criticism? Is it possible that in every Muslim or Catholic there exists a potential jihadist or a potential Crusader? Suicide Terrorism: Driven to Death Introduction Who are the terrorists engaging in suicide bombings? What motivates them to act? These are some of the questions Merari tackles in Driven to Death. They are not entirely new questions, as other researchers have asked them as well—but Merari does provide new insight into the phenomenon of suicide bombing by conducting field work and independent research to uncover more information on this particular subject. This paper explores some of the findings of Merari and compares them with what other researchers have had to say, particularly on the subject of what motivates terrorists to act.

Demographics While many scholars argue that there is no demographic profile of the suicide bomber, Merari disagrees and presents his own demographic profile based on his own research. The argument of general scholarship is that anyone can be a suicide bomber, young or old, rich…. Intro:Extremism, in recent years, continues to become much more contentious and polarizing. Its influences have also begun to permeate within United States culture with the rise of Antifa, QAnon and other extremist groups. What is more alarming, these groups are willing to utilize violence and bullying tactics to achieve their objectives irrespective of how it will impact society as a whole.

Many of these members of these groups are often unwilling to compromise on their positions or listen to opposing facts related to their views. Here, social media and traditional media have a role as these institutions are often biases towards one particularly view and dont provide context towards opposing views. As a result, members of these extremist groups typically coalesce around media, social groups, and other channels that are provide the same message without looking towards outside sources to find disconfirming evidence. This behavior further emboldens the group to…. Alakoc, Burcu Pinar. Appleton, Catherine. Bates, Rodger A. and Mara Mooney. Bouhana, Noémie, Emily Corner, Paul Gill, and Bart Schuurman. Somali terrorist group al-Shabaab has been wreaking havoc in the region since Al-Shabaab seriously undermines stability and security in the region, necessitating an intelligent and coordinated application of the instruments of power IOPs.

Recently, there has been some dissention among al-Shabaab leaders over their strategic alliances with al-Qaeda on the one hand, and their interest in helping Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant ISIL , on the other U. Department of State, In spite of factions within al-Shabaab, the group remains relatively strong and has been able to successfully establish safe havens throughout Somalia. Their safe havens have allowed the group to wage successful attacks both within Somalia and further abroad, raising red flags and encouraging intervention. For example, al-Shabaab is responsible for attacks on major public infrastructure targets like the Mogadishu International Airport, government agencies, and key hotels as well as the attack on a university in….

Chun, C. Economics: A key element of national power. They are reminders of the sophisticated threats the world faces from transnational terrorist groups. The attacks are also a call for action against the ongoing fight against terrorism. The attacks add importance to analyzing the threats and the measures needed to counter both local and transnational terrorist groups United States, ISIS is the most urgent security threat worldwide. The terrorist group has taken advantage of the Syrian conflict and Iraqs sectarian tensions to spread in both nations. Today, the group has penetrated the middle of the Middle East geography. The terrorist group makes use of both insurgent and terrorist strategies to seize and govern its territory.

ISIS uses the same tactics to secure allied North African and Middle Eastern terrorist groups allegiance. The sanctuary of…. Mendelsohn, B. The al-Qaeda franchise: The expansion of al-Qaeda and its consequences. Sageman, M. Leaderless jihad: Terror networks in the twenty-first century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. United States. The Spread of ISIS and Transnational Terrorism, S. The spread of ISIS and transnational terrorism: Hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, second session, April 12, Leadership Exercise: Boston Marathon Bombings Analysis On April 15, , Tamerlan Tsarnaev and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev two Kyrgyz-American brothers, detonated two homemade bombs at the annual running of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and injuring another estimated attendees.

Although this high-profile domestic terrorism attack claimed a number of casualties, most observers agree that the outcome could have been far more severe had it not been for the preparations and actions taken by law enforcement and first responders prior to and immediately after the incident. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the literature to Identify salient issues that relate to issues such as leadership, decision making, organizational culture, communication, politics and power, employee training, teams, and so forth to identify best practices and lessons learned from this horrific incident.

Finally, a summary of the research and key findings concerning the security preparations for and responses to the…. They are bombarded with information concerning the crimes performed by a certain community and they come to believe that it is important for them to act the respective community regardless of the aftermath. omen terrorists practically act against the generally accepted belief that women are non-violent. The reality is that many women become terrorists and governments need to take this concept into consideration in order to be able to effectively act against terrorist organizations worldwide. htm Malisow, Ben, "Terrorism," Infobase Publishing, "Iratxe….

Daly, Sara A. Terrorism How have worries over WMD terror attacks distorted a balanced approach to policy on terrorism? Intelligence failures led to the presumption that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction Jervis. March , Jervis, Robert, American Foreign Policy in a New Era. Pillar, Paul. R, Terrorism and U. Foreign Policy. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution. Leaderless Jihad. Terrorism Organizations What is Terrorism? Legacy in the 21st century Based Terrorist Organizations Aryan Nation Ku Klux Klan Counterterrorism and Prevention Definitions and Structures Homeland Security Patriot Act The very nature of terrorism, of course, is to engender fear and panic into the population base.

Thus, targets are so numerous that complete protection of all is impossible. Targets could include any of the governmental buildings in Washington, D. Unless the materials are manufactured in the United States, though, the most likely targets are those that exist in coastal cities with larger port access Smith, Terrorists tend to target places that are media hyped, affect the lives of citizens, and are usually transportation, entertainment, or financially based in larger urban areas. Indeed, for greater efficacy, targets usually involve places where there are large non-combatant crowds,…. ACLU Lawsuit. The New York Times. Anti-Defamation League. Ku Klux Klan -- Affiliations.

Bocstette, C. Jihadist Terrorist Use of Strategic Communication Management Techniques. George C. Marshall European Center for Security. About DHS. Retrieved from: http:. In modern terminology, and for foreign policy, political science and international law, crimes against humanity are any atrocious act committed on a large scale. They can be prosecuted in most any Federal Court ystem, depending on where they occurred and which population was part of the criminal activity. The implication for international law is that crimes against humanity are subject to universal jurisdiction, which means that tates can exercise their own jurisdiction regardless of where the crime was committed, and that all tates also have the obligation and duty to assist each other in the defense of these sorts of activities.

It is also important to note that no human, regardless of affiliation, is immune from prosecution, even heads of state, and on person can plead a defense as obeying orders. International cooperation…. Dyson, W. Terrorism: An Investigator's Handbook. Waltham, MA: Anderson. McCormack, W. Understanding the Law of Terrorism. New York: Lexis Nexis. Terrorism Intelligence, counterterrorism and protection, and subjects for investigation appear to be relevant, interesting and worthy of detailed examination. The research traditions allowed in mainstream educational systems provide different avenues of approach to examine these ideas.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the ideas of terrorism through the lenses of the five research conditions: narrative, grounded theory, phenomenology, case study and ethnography. Additionally, I will propose three different topics for doctoral research and determine why each of these approaches warrant inquiry. Before examining terrorism, it is a most important challenge to define the term. The defining of this word is perhaps the greatest source of confusion included in this type of research inquiry. How is terrorism related to intelligence and protection? While these are fashionable catchwords of the day, it seems important to link the phrases and terms with concrete and realistic symbols that can be understood by….

Thousands of individuals employed within the ussian nuclear complex - many of whom have knowledge and access to nuclear materials - receive salaries that are barely at subsistence level, raising the possibility that they might be susceptible to offers from anyone in the market to buy nuclear components" Deutch, Economic Consequences It is generally a habit of the terrorist groups to target international powers in order to make their statement. But these international powers have extremely strong economies, and most importantly, extremely diverse. What this means, is that even if a terrorist attack would affect one economic sector, the large diversity of operations and revenues would be able to support the economic revival of the affected sector and support the country's economic growth Sandler and Enders, However, one cannot rely on this premise as it is most applicable at a macroeconomic level.

On a microeconomic level, the…. Balkin, K. Bergesen, a. Halwani, R. Terrorism and Democracy Terrorism is by its very nature is anti-democratic as it seeks to achieve political ends by violence. It has no interest in any of the bedrocks of democracy such as building consensus, stimulating debate or protecting the rights and interests of minorities. There is consensus among all those who cherish democracy that urgent steps are necessary to counter the threat of terrorism. The key question is: how to accomplish this? In this essay we shall examine how terrorism undermines democracy and whether setting up an international committee can help to fight terrorism.

e shall also look at short definitions of democracy and terrorism. Definition of Democracy Democracy Greek demos, "the people"; kratein, "to rule" is a political system in which…. Amnesty International's concerns regarding post September 11 detentions in the U. April 6, Carothers, Thomas. Hoffmann, Bruce. Pious, Richard M. Terrorism Definitions of terrorism Under the U. Government, terrorism has different definitions, not accounting also scholars' own definitions of this concept. In a study by Mark Burgess for the U.

Center for Defense Information, he identified five 5 definitions of terrorism, three from the U. Government and two from academic scholars. The common factors in each definition, according to Burgess, are the terrorists' motives, identity, and methods. The Department of Defense defines terrorism as "[t]he calculated use of unlawful violence to inculcate fear… to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious or ideological" para. The FBI has the same definition, albeit worded differently and includes not only people, but also property as an object of violence. The State Department, meanwhile, has a more specific definition, identifying terrorism as "premeditated" and primarily "politically motivated," and identified terrorists as "subnational groups or clandestine….

Burgess, M. Accessed 23 April Slater, J. US Army Training and Doctrine Command. Available at: www. Terrorism There have been various definitions and views of terrorism that have beenfronted over the years. Obviously, a lot depends on whose point-of-view is being represented, be it theological, political or psychological. Also terrorism can be seen as willful destruction killing of people or destruction of property by people not acting on behalf of an established government to redress a real or imaginary injustice attributed to an established government. However it is important to note that not all cases of willful destruction of people or property are acts of terrorism ed Cross Organization, Some of the important definitive characteristics of terrorism include among others;….

Commonwealth of Kentucky, Community Preparedness. Retrieved November 20, Counter Terrorism, Homeland Security, Terrorism shares features in common with irregular warfare, insurgency, and crime. Like crime, terrorism violates the law and infringes on the rights of others. Similarly, Arquilla et al. Like irregular warfare, terrorism is asynchronous and asymmetrical, not ascribing to the rules of war. However, terrorism is unique in that "today's enemy is not a state but a transnational, non-state actor" that uses warfare that is "not traditional…elusive…and…exploits…industrial and technological advantages," Howard n. As Howard n. points out, terrorism more resembles a virus than anything else p. Moreover, terrorism involves ideology and paradigms that underwrite its existence: in the case of al Qaeda a pseudo-religious doctrine.

The goals of terrorism are farther-reaching and more global than…. Arquilla, J. Ronfeldt, D. Networks and Netwar, and Information-Age Terrorism. Weimann, G. How modern terrorism uses the internet. United States Institute of Peace: Special Report. Coady cited in Halwani, points out that lack of a good definition makes it difficult, if not impossible, to address the moral implications of terrorism. Coady defines terrorism as "the organized use of violence to attack noncombatants 'innocents' in a special sense or their property for political purposes" p. This definition focuses on the targets, innocent "noncombatants" and does not consider the goals the terrorists aim to achieve. It does specify for "political purposes" rather than criminal, and does not mention causing fear.

There exists some disagreement on whether threats, for example, as opposed to real acts, constitute terrorism. If the goal of inducing fear is part of the definition, then threats would be included, but if terrorist goals are limited to "political purposes," then threats would not qualify as terrorist acts. Coady cited in Halwani, points out that some "acts of political violence may be…. Brock, B. The use and abuse of terrorism. Terrorism: Definition, justification, and applications. Social Theory and Practice, 32 2 , April, Retrieved on February 8, from Academic OneFile database. Saul, B. Definition of "terrorism" in the UN Security Council: Chinese Journal of International Law, 4 1 , Retrieved on Februray 8, from Academic OneFile database.

Terrorism Preparedness Since September 11, , the United States has made a significant progress guiding against terrorist attacks using terrorism preparedness to forestall further terrorism attacks in the United States. Terrorism preparedness exercise is a broad range of response and preparedness program to support communities that might be affected by the terrorist attack. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks, Typically, the U. government has implemented a range of program for terrorism preparedness and one of the policies employed is the use of wide range of intelligence to investigate the imminent terrorism that might have occurred in the United States.

intelligence has collaborated with other intelligences globally to prevent act of terrorism in the United States. For example, the CIA Central Intelligence Agency has collaborated with Pakistan intelligence to locate the hideout of Ben Laden and killed him. Moreover, the United States has implemented various military exercises for…. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks. Stenner, R. Kirk, J. Stanton, J. National Incident Management System NIMS Standards Review Panel Workshop Summary Report. Department of Energy. The food supply is extremely vulnerable, and that makes all of us vulnerable, as well. The author also maintains that inspection at borders and inspection stations have kept most pathogens and problems from entering the country, but we have to wonder, how long will that last?

This applies to this course because it is a true threat of terrorism that could occur here or anywhere around the world. It also applies because those who would harm American would have no regrets about using agro-terrorism to do the greatest harm to the most people. They would feel justified at the death toll and panic that ensued. The threat of global terrorism is very real, and in fact, is on the increase. This document shows why we should be afraid, and never give up being vigilant about all forms of terrorism, no matter how obscure they might seem. eferences Preslar, D. Preslar, D. The role of disease surveillance in the watch for agro-terrorism or economic sabotage.

Retrieved from the Federation of American Scientists Web site:. Terrorism How does terrorism affect children? Children are often the victims of terrorism, and sometimes die in terrorist attacks Dyson, When children witness or survive a terrorist attack, psychological ramifications like post-traumatic stress disorder may result Hall, In some cases, children lose their loved ones and their lives may be turned upside down by terrorist attacks as all that is familiar to them -- schools, family, homes, community -- are destroyed FBI, The war on terrorism can also affect the lives of children, as the media perpetuates a culture of fear. Children may, for example, be raised to be suspicious of people of different races or ethnicities because their parents, teachers, and the media perpetuate stereotypes about who is and who is not a terrorist.

What makes "martyrdom" such an effective tool for terrorists? Discuss in terms of social construction. Suicide bombings and other examples of terrorist…. Terrorism: An investigator's handbook. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved March 25, , from www. Gunaratna, R. New York: Berkley Books. Hall, H. Introduction: Psychological study of terrorism. Journal of Threat Assessment 2 3 , Terrorism Americans' views of terrorism were forever established on September 11, , when terrorists flew two planes into the World Trade Towers in New York, collapsing them both, and one plane into the Pentagon, causing severe damage. A fourth plane crashed into the countryside in Pennsylvania instead of hitting its target, probably in Washington, D.

Over 3, people lost their lives that day. Until that day, terrorism had been a somewhat distant concept to most Americans. We heard about terrorism in srael, and perhaps some of us had friends or family to worry about, and we heard about. attacks in Great Britain, but September 11 was the firsts time international terrorists had done major damage on U. Virtually everyone in the United States became vocally opposed to terrorism on that day even if they hadn't given it much thought…. In fact, it is difficult to think anything positive about terrorism, especially in the era of smart bombs, when our military is able to bomb with such precision that civilians are rarely killed and injured, and only the target is taken out.

The fact that our military is able to conduct war with a precision never before achieved is one reason why terrorism seems more shocking than ever before. There's a jarring difference between warfare and terrorism in When the United States wages war we go to great lengths to protect the civilian population as much as possible. The opposing forces have taken advantage of that fact in Iraq, storing weapons in mosques and allowing combatants to use them as a staging arena for their efforts. The truth is that terrorism has changed since its beginnings. The United States was born out of terrorism and revolution.

If the American Revolution were taking place today, the British would describe the Boston Tea Party as a terrorist act, and the guerilla-like tactics used by small bands of civilian men against British encampments during that time would be viewed as crimes. In more recent times, many French citizens were outraged at how easily their country gave up and surrendered to the Nazi German army, and even more distressed to see how completely the Vichy government cooperated with those who had defeated them in war. The French resistance movement was one result. Private citizens who were determined to continue to fight for their country. At great risk to themselves and their families, they worked under cover of darkness to blow up bridges so the German army could not use them, snuck British spies into the country and reported troop movements to the Allies.

Because the Allies won the war and France was liberated, they are called heroes, but if Germany had won, they would have been terrorists. The victors write history. However, it's a poor analogy. American revolutionaries of the 18th century never deliberately harmed thousands of civilians to make a point. They did not blow up civilian public transportation. The members of the French resistance, while they dealt swiftly with people who gave away their secrets, worked very hard to avoid any harm to innocent citizens. On September 11, the attackers defined anyone who disagreed with them as the "enemy" and had no problem with the fact that nearly all the people they killed or maimed had no quarrel with them.

Comparing today's terrorists to Revolutionary War heroes or the French resistanceis a little like comparing a cobra with a garter snake. The only thing terrorism can accomplish is to draw attention to a group's cause. People so passionate about their causes ought to be able to think up better ways to express it. These contexts include: simple contexts, in which there is a clear cause-and-effect structure at work that is self-evident; complicated contexts, in which there are many right answers, but it is hard to ascertain them; complex contexts, in which there are no visible solutions a dynamic in which there are "unknown unknowns" ; and chaotic contexts, in which a leader is simply tasked with reducing the severity of a situation.

Over time, national security is faced with each of these contexts, and intelligence requires employing officials who are equipped with the requisite expertise to successfully target a given predicament. In light of the many different tasks faced by national security, it is essential to have a Grand Strategy or Statement of Purpose that accounts for every aspect of national defense and steers the different compartments toward a unified direction. An example of a unified direction can be seen in the War on…. Chambers, Jay, "Combating Terrorism in a Globalized World," National War College, Audrey Kurth Cronin and James M. Washington, D.

They play an enormous role in shaping our thought patterns about what terrorism is. And this is neither good nor bad. Rather it is just the way it is due to the large role the media plays in our lives in this modern day. Most Americans depend on it. I believe the media to be a powerful influence on American society today. From what we buy, to what we eat, to the kinds of cars we buy, to its impact on violence in our society, media probably has more influence on us than anyone would like to admit. Its influence on my own ideas of terrorism has been significant.

When I think about it, I wouldn't know terrorism existed if it weren't for the media. So, it logically follows that they greatly impact my thought process on a subject they defined -- and continue to define -- for me. However genius terrorist organizations might seem, the United States and its allies has at its command an even more sophisticated and comprehensive body of technological tools that can be harnessed toward the counterterrorism effort. Counterterorrism has become, especially since September 11, one of the hallmarks of the American intelligence system. Learning how to stay one or several steps ahead of those who would attack the United States is one of the primary jobs of counterterrorism units.

Using technology to their advantage, counterterrorism units in United States government agencies can thwart planned attacks and minimize damage from any that happen to take place at home or overseas. The new terrorism is, however, characterized by its lack of clear centralized power. Combating a faceless, subversive, sneaky enemy means mobilizing as many resources as possible. Technology is only one part of the counterterrorism process, which relies on its human resources as much as…. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. Terrorism esearch Issues on the Topic of Terrorism Written into the very word, terrorism is a fascinating social problem worth inquiry. The meaning of terrorism is an act of violence or other that paralyses the individual or society with a feeling of terror.

The form of terror might also grow out of the expectation of debilitating acts against others as a standard operating procedure during certain circumstances like the support and at the very least complicity of commanders in times of often ethnic war where women of the "enemy" are frequently and violently raped as an act of aggression and show of power. Though the…. Ford, J. Psychological and health problems in a geographically proximate population time-sampled continuously for three months after the September 11th, terrorist incidents.

Rothbart, G. On finding and interviewing the needles in the haystack: The use of multiplicity sampling. Public Opinion Quarterly, 46 3 , As reported by the New York Times How: A Pakistani man accused of aiding Al Qaeda who was imprisoned in his home country for three years, has been released by the government. Brief Analysis: The connections of Muhammad Naeem Noor Khan to terrorism are debated, as the CIA alleges he has been involved in terrorist activity but Pakistani officials have said that information from Mr. Khan led them to a Tanzanian wanted in connection with the bombings of American embassies in East Africa, which killed more than people. They say he is not a terrorist, but merely had knowledge of the event, and thus upon gaining this information, he was released.

This highlights how the international nature of terrorist organizations and the conflicting policies of nations in dealing with terrorists make it even more difficult to combat this threat. orks Cited Baker, Al. Baker, Al. Pakistan Releases a Man Accused of Aiding Al Qaeda. The New York. Rutenberg, J. Jewish people believed they were promised land of their own, and the Palestinians believed that they would be given a defined homeland as well. However, the governments making these decisions were outside the Middle East and were acting in their own interests, not the interests of the people living in the areas affected. When the United Nations recognized Israel as a political entity after World War II, it did so in response to the outrage of Germany's Holocaust.

While this was understandable to Western countries, Palestinians felt that they had been cheated out of their homeland and that instead it had been given to Israel. Important Features of World Anti-Terrorism Day: Features on Terrorism has not just emerged, instead it has evolved over many years and has undergone many and varied cycles in its evolution. The term terrorism is most commonly used to describe actions which are violence based and are used to promote fear in people. Mannik — Rapoport came up with a way of describing the fluctuations over time of terrorism. He was able to separate and describe four distinct periods of time which he referred to as 'waves of terrorism'.

Rapoport These waves are used as markers through which an understanding can be gleaned of how terrorism goes through changes or cycles. This paper will identify the four waves of terrorism as set out by Rapoport and define the characteristics of each wave. Terrorism has many and varied definitions and yet all are consistent in identifying it as an act of violence used to gain influence for a cause or an ideological belief. Mannik - Most acts of violence are deliberate, targeted and serve a purpose for the groups goals. Rapoport 49 Whilst terrorism has existed throughout history and has employed violent methods to achieve their aims and objectives it can also be seen that terrorism follows distinct patterns.

These patterns occur in cycles which were identified by What is Terrorism? Terrorism is the act of destruction performed by a person or group of persons on behalf of an established government. Terrorism is the act of destruction performed to restore the imaginary injustice. Terrorism is the destruction of people on behalf of an established government agency against another country, is considered as war, not terrorism. If destruction of people or property is undertaken by or on behalf of an established government on its own territory, it is considered Obstruct Terrorism Act of , is a basically an anti-terrorism law that was rather hastily passed as a result of the September 11, attacks.

It primarily aims at deterring and punishing acts of terrorism committed in the United States and elsewhere USA PATRIOT Act, n. However, while it appears to have noble aims of safeguarding American lives and property, the act needs to be repealed or, if not, amended so that the privacy freedoms of citizens are not trampled upon. The USA PATRIOT Act also aims at expanding the investigatory tools of law enforcement and, as well, give authorities from the executive branch more teeth against money laundering and terrorism financing and criminal abuse of financial institutions USA PATRIOT Act, n. As part of its broadening of law enforcement agencies' investigative powers, the law increased same agencies' surveillance powers, rendering amendments to the Wiretap Statue, Electronic Communications Privacy Act, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Study guide, n.

This means that the government is allowed to considerably obtain even personal information about its citizens and detain aliens even without publicly acknowledging such Mayeux, In more lay person's terms, the Patriot Act seeks to accomplish its anti-terrorist objective by allowing government to wiretap more, Internet activities included, and access student, library, and book records and, in the case of aliens, arrest them secretly. Terrorism from the left and right Terrorism can be defined as the indiscriminate use of violence to cause fear amid people to achieve an objective that may be financial, political, and religious or based on some specific ideology Fortna, Terrorism from the left and right refers to left-wing terrorism and right-wing terrorism.

Also, Left-wing terrorism can be related to Marxist—Leninist or revolutionary terrorism. It usually targets capitalists or conservative regimes to overturn their rule and replace them with socialist systems. Occasionally, left-wing terrorism may be witnessed in governments that are socialists as a form of rebellion against the regimes that are in power. Right-wing terrorism, on the other hand, refers to a type Money laundering and terrorism financing risks in Botswana introDuction Botswana has a relatively good legal foundation to fight financial crime in general. With the second reading of the Financial Intelligence Bill and the regulation of non-financial institutions prone to money laundering, the legal framework will be remarkably enhanced.

However, Botswana has not yet undertaken an assessment of its risks and vulnerabilities to money laundering and the financing of terrorism in terms of international requirements. This is in spite of the Financial Action Task Force FATF espousing a country-specific risk analysis and application of a regulative framework for all forms of business relationships. The rationale for adopting the risk-based approach is that a better understanding of the extent, form, production and disposal or use of the proceeds of crime helps to determine the appropriate interventions. Tentative steps towards establishing trends in money laundering and the financing of terrorism have been taken over the past few years. A team of World Bank experts visited Botswana at the end of to assess the implementation of the FATF anti-money laundering and counter-financing of terrorism AML and CFT standards.

In early the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime DCEC , in collaboration with the Institute for Security Studies Terrorists who commit to political terrorism are extensively trained to execute criminal activities. They directly challenge the government and threaten the citizens. Eliminating political terrorism involves great efforts and investments, by the governments, global organizations and also, the local populations. The other type of terrorism is criminal terrorism, which disrupts societal harmony.

Activities of this kind involve kidnapping, rapes and other local crimes. Terrorism takes place at both national and international levels. Terrorists think it is sacred to commit crimes and even to die in the name of the country. The same terrorists also believe that it is justified to kill innocents in the name of the country. The intentions and purposes of terrorists vary depending upon their demands. Terrorism exists because of anti-national groups whose aim is to destroy peace in the society. The main motive of terrorists is to establish their authority or to take control. They challenge the government by organizing criminal activities. There are several reasons which promote terrorism. Disputes between communities and countries and economic inequalities among them leads a group to indulge in terrorism.

In some cases, linguistic differences, racism, corruption can also lead to criminal terrorism. Overall, social, economic and political issues are the major reasons why terrorism exists. Access of weapons strengthens terrorists. Some powerful terrorist groups trade illegal commodities and gather financial support. This helps terrorists to actively involve in terrorism. Moreover, terrorism is a synonym for injustice. There is a clear difference between terrorists and republicans. Fighting for their rights in a violent way, cannot be considered a revolution.

It is rather termed as terrorism. Effects of terrorism are deadly and painful. The consequences are terror and violent. Innocents die in terrors such as bomb blast and it stumbles an entire region. People lose their loved ones, their livelihood and fall victim to lifelong traumatic disorders. This is the reason why terrorists are eliminated without any mercy. Terrorism is a global problem and powerful countries work tirelessly to eradicate terrorism from the world. The biggest fear of the world right now is the nightmare of terrorists gaining access to nuclear power. Some lunatics might use the deadly weapon to wipe out millions of innocents. It is more likely to happen if they get nuclear power, as terrorists are senseless in most cases.

They often fight for their dominance, which is not a sensible activity at all. The world cries out to promote peace and order, whereas terrorists strive to promote violence. There are many agencies devoted to wipe out terrorists from our country. From the local level to the national level, these groups function day and night. Police forces have several wings to prevent regional terrorist activities. A dedicated Intelligence and Anti-terrorism wing are deployed in the police departments, with their responsibility to take down naxalites and other terror groups. Military is responsible to bombard terrorists away from our nation. They perform counter-insurgency and many such hunts to choke terrorists. There are many agencies that function to stop terrorism. Some of the major agencies are: Anti-Terrorism Squad ATS , National Investigation Agency NIA and Research and Analysis Wing RAW.

These are some of the top-tier agencies that function to remove terrorism from India. Terrorism is a global issue which is current and also relevant as it has been always. The need to remove terrorists are vital as they are dangerous threats to innocents. Combined forces work to subside terrorism from the world. Allegations under terrorism are serious with severe punishments. Law enforcing agencies can control terrorism only to an extent. Youngsters must have patriotism and nationalism to prevent terrorism in the future.

Philosophical arguments Retribution Supporters of the death penalty argued that death penalty is morally justified when applied in murder especially with aggravating elements such as multiple homicide, child murder, torture murder and mass killing such as [terrorism], massacre, or genocide. Some even argue that not applying death penalty in latter cases is patently unjust. This argument is strongly defended by New York law professor Robert Blecker [4], who says that the punishment must be painful in proportion to the crime.

It would be unfair that those who have committed these horrible crimes stay alive, even incarcerated. Abolitionists argue that retribution is simply revenge and cannot be condoned. Others while accepting retribution as an element of criminal justice nonetheless argue that life without parole is a sufficient substitute. Human rights Abolitionists believe capital punishment is the worst violation of human rights, because the right to life is the most important, and judicial execution violates it without necessity and inflicts to the condemned a psychological torture.

It is just as different from the privation of life as a concentration camp is from prison. Such a monster is not encountered in private life. Supporters of capital punishment object that these lives have to be weighed against the far more numerous innocent people whose lives can be saved if the murderers are deterred by the prospect of being executed. Another issue is the quality of the defense in a case where the accused has a public defender. The competence of the defense attorney "is a better predictor of whether or not someone will be sentenced to death than the facts of the crime". For example, Amnesty International argues that, in Singapore, "the Misuse of Drugs Act contains a series of presumptions which shift the burden of proof from the prosecution to the accused.

This conflicts with the universally guaranteed right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty". In this situation, in almost any jurisdiction, the prosecution has a prima facie case. Racial and gender factors in the United States. Order custom essay Anti Terrorism with free plagiarism report. African Americans, though they currently make up only 12 percent of the general population, have made up 41 percent of death row inmates and 34 percent of those actually executed since The way I was raised, it was always to be held accountable for your actions. Since , only 1. Studies-especially older ones-differ as to whether executions deter other potential criminals from committing murder or other crimes.

One reason that there is no general consensus on whether or not the death penalty is a deterrent is that it is used so rarely - only about one out of every murders actually results in an execution. In in the Stanford Law Review, John J. Donohue III, a law professor at Yale with a doctorate in economics, and Justin Wolfers, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania, wrote that the death penalty " is applied so rarely that the number of homicides it can plausibly have caused or deterred cannot reliably be disentangled from the large year-to-year changes in the homicide rate caused by other factors The existing evidence for deterrence is surprisingly fragile.

counties over two decades, and concluded that each execution saved five lives. Mocan stated, "I personally am opposed to the death penalty But my research shows that there is a deterrent effect. Shepherd, a law professor at Emory with a doctorate in economics who was involved in several studies on the death penalty, stated, "I am definitely against the death penalty on lots of different grounds But I do believe that people respond to incentives. In the Michigan Law Review in , Shepherd wrote, "Deterrence cannot be achieved with a half-hearted execution program. Studies have produced disputed results with disputed significance. This correlation can be interpreted in either that the death penalty increases murder rates by brutalizing society, or that higher murder rates cause the state to retain or reintroduce the death penalty.

However, supporters and opponents of the various statistical studies, on both sides of the issue, argue that correlation does not imply causation. The case for a large deterrent effect of capital punishment has been significantly strengthened since the s, as a wave of sophisticated econometric studies have exploited a newly-available form of data, so-called panel data. In a poll of randomly selected police chiefs from across the U. They ranked it behind many other forms of crime control including reducing drug abuse and use, lowering technical barriers when prosecuting, putting more officers on the streets,and making prison sentences longer.

They responded that a better economy with more jobs would lessen crime rates more than the death penalty[18] In fact, only one percent of the police chiefs surveyed thought that the death penalty was the primary focus for reducing crime. In addition to statistical evidence, psychological studies examine whether murderers think about the consequences of their actions before they commit a crime. Most homicides are spur-of-the-moment, spontaneous, emotionally impulsive acts. Murderers do not weigh their options very carefully in this type of setting Jackson It is very doubtful that killers give much thought to punishment before they kill Ross But some say the death penalty must be enforced even if the deterrent effect is unclear, like John McAdams, who teaches political science at Marquette University : "If we execute murderers and there is in fact no deterrent effect, we have killed a bunch of murderers.

If we fail to execute murderers, and doing so would in fact have deterred other murders, we have allowed the killing of a bunch of innocent victims. I would much rather risk the former. This, to me, is not a tough call. Maimonides argued that executing a defendant on anything less than absolute certainty would lead to a slippery slope of decreasing burdens of proof, until we would be convicting merely "according to the judge's caprice. Maimonides' concern was maintaining popular respect for law, and he saw errors of commission as much more threatening than errors of omission. Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule, both of Harvard law school, however, have argued that if there is a deterrent effect it will save innocent lives, which gives a life-life tradeoff.

Supporters of the death penalty, especially those who do not believe in the deterrent effect of the death penalty, say the threat of the death penalty could be used to urge capital defendants to plead guilty, testify against accomplices, or disclose the location of the victim's body. Norman Frink, a senior deputy district attorney in the state of Oregon, considers capital punishment a valuable tool for prosecutors. The threat of death leads defendants to enter plea deals for life without parole or life with a minimum of 30 years—-the two other penalties, besides death, that Oregon allows for aggravated murder. Prosecutors spared Ridgway from execution in exchange for his cooperation in leading police to the remains of still-missing victims.

Many states have found it cheaper to sentence criminals to life in prison than to go through the time-consuming and bureaucratic process of executing a convicted criminal. Donald McCartin, an Orange County, California Jurist famous for sending nine men to death row during his career, has said, "It's 10 times more expensive to kill [criminals] than to keep them alive. Alarcon, and law professor Paula Mitchell. This essay was written by a fellow student. You can use it as an example when writing your own essay or use it as a source, but you need cite it.

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Counter-Terrorism And Anti-Terrorism Essay Examples,Terrorism Essay FAQs

WebOn 03 July , President Duterte signed the Anti-Terrorism Act of (ATA ) or the Republic Act replacing the HSA of The new law aims to curb violent WebTerrorism is generally used to try to influence political behavior in some way: for example, to force opponents into conceding some or all of the perpetrators demands, to provoke an WebThe Anti-Terrorism Act of is a Philippine law whose intent is to prevent, prohibit,and penalize terrorism in the Philippines. Whatever act or threat must fall the purpose of WebUS Anti-Terrorism The US Government has to protect American’s even if it requires violating someone’s privacy, adding stringent policies for immigration laws, and deporting WebAnti-Terrorism - Defensive measures taken to reduce likelihood of an attack by making the target difficult to attack, and also reduces the vulnerability to terrorist acts. Anti WebAnti Terrorism. Philosophical arguments Retribution Supporters of the death penalty argued that death penalty is morally justified when applied in murder especially with ... read more

Sociodemographic characteristics, social networking, and online experiences of those who produce online hate materials. Over time, national security is faced with each of these contexts, and intelligence requires employing officials who are equipped with the requisite expertise to successfully target a given predicament. Keyword s Filter by Keywords: add comma between each. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. It intends to destroy communal harmony and to evoke fear among the innocent public.

Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13 2 government has implemented a number of strategies that are designed to provide protections against threats to the national security. Typically, the U. Terrorism The term "terrorism" is profoundly political, as can be anti terrorism essay by the numerous definitions of terrorism and the lack of a globally-agreed description, anti terrorism essay. The other type is criminal terrorism, which disrupts societal harmony.